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Tuesday 22 August 2017

Solar eclipses in black and white: How a US President and others watched the moon blocking the sun in the early 20th century (11 Pics)

In 1925, President Calvin Coolidge and his wife rose early to watch the solar eclipse from the White House Lawn.
Also in 1925, these astronomers watched the solar eclipse through telescopes and cameras from the Naval Observatory.
President Coolidge, who was in office from 1923 to 1929, watched the 1925 eclipse through a blackened window pane alongside his wife outside the White House.
In this image, a horse rider is seen entertaining crowds of people waiting for the sky to turn dark.
Here, General John A LeJeune, Commandant of the US Marine Corps, is seen viewing the 1925 eclipse in front of the Navy Department at Washington.
These men are seen casting shadows as they observe an eclipse.
In 1923, these men set up a large camera to photograph the eclipse.
The Postmaster General took pictures as he watched the 1925 eclipse with the aid of a photographic plate.
William Jennings Bryan, a caller at the White House, was snapped as he took a "peek" at an eclipse through a blackened glass.
Dr George H. Peters with his camera, ready to photograph the 1925 eclipse.
This photograph from 1911 shows crowd watching a solar eclipse.

Monday 21 August 2017

Why People Shouldn’t Take Fish Medicine

As an alternative to expensive antibiotics, people have started taking amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, penicillin and other drugs meant for fish. Here’s why it’s a bad idea.
As much as I love the idea of a good workaround when it comes to gaming the pharmaceutical industrial complex, I have to admit I was taken aback to hear about the trend of humans using antibiotics meant for fish. I mean, sure, they’re often the same drugs – amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, penicillin and more. And sure, maybe even in the same doses and at a fraction of the cost. And heaven knows way too many people are between a rock and a hard place when it comes to health care. And yes, a lot of people like the security of having antibiotics in their emergency kit. But I’m squeamish enough about the misuse of antibiotics in the first place; can using ones meant for small finned creatures really be a good idea?
Well, Maya Wei-Haas had laid it all out for Smithsonian; and she determines that no, taking aquatic antibiotics is not a good idea. Here’s why:

FISH ANTIBIOTICS ARE COMPLETELY UNREGULATED

While animal drugs are supposed to be monitored by the Food and Drug Administration, no ornamental fish antibiotics are approved by the agency. 
“The antibiotics available in pet stores or online for ornamental fish have not been approved, conditionally approved, or indexed by the FDA, so it is illegal to market them,” the FDA said in a statement to Smithsonian:
If consumers are seeing these products in stores, they should be aware that these products have no assurance of purity, safety or effectiveness. The FDA does not have any information about the unapproved antibiotics sold in pet stores because they have not been evaluated for quality, safety, effectiveness, or purity. We strongly advise people to not substitute them for approved products that are intended for use in humans as prescribed by their health care provider.

THEY ARE EASILY MISLABELED

Without having to meet FDA standards, they can sport bogus claims. “I think it’s probably mostly B.S.” says veterinarian Samuel Young of United States Pharmacopeia grades listed on some labels. “[Companies] are not able to guarantee – or even required to guarantee – what’s actually in it, the purity of it, or the actual amount of it. It can be anything.”

SELF-PRESCRIBING ANTIBIOTICS CAN BE TRICKY

You may need tests to confirm that you have a bacterial infection, not a virus, since antibiotics don’t work for viruses. Using an antibiotic when unnecessary can lead to negative side effects and antibiotic resistance. Wel-Haas writes:
Taking amoxicillin while suffering a viral infection such as mono, for instance, can cause the body to erupt in rashes. Ciprofloxacin, previously a go-to for UTIs and sinus infections, has come under recent scrutiny for causing lasting damage tendons, muscles, joints, nerves and the central nervous system. Many other antibiotic classes come with their own unpleasant effects.
Here in the United States 36 percent of people surveyed in 2012 wrongly replied that antibiotics can fight a cold virus; 41 percent of them had heard little or nothing about antibiotic resistance.

ANTIBIOTICS ARE NOT ONE SIZE FITS ALL

Different medications target different infections differently; even various broad-spectrum antibiotics work better for some things than others. Do you have the know-how to know that you’re matching the right antibiotic to your ailment? Wilson E. Gwin, director of the Purdue Veterinary Teaching Hospital Pharmacy, says, “We don’t really know if that’s the right drug for what the person is trying to treat. If it’s the wrong drug, they can do themselves even more harm.”

ANTIBIOTICS HAVE A GOLDILOCKS SPOT

You know how you are supposed to finish a course of antibiotic to the end? That’s because you risk relapse and in doing so, may encourage the infectious microbes to proliferate and form resistance. Antibacterial resistance is a serious public health problem, with bacteria getting more tenacious to the point that traditional drugs no longer do them harm. On the other hand, take antibiotics for too long, explains Wel-Haas, “and you might be giving the bacteria greater amounts of time to develop ways to elude the meds.”
So there you have it. With this in mind it might be wise to give fish drugs to your fish; if you need them, take human drugs for your human self.  

11 Reasons to Love Watermelon

It’s watermelon season! The mostly gigantic fruit are popping up in gardens, farmer’s markets and grocery stores. And, that’s a good thing. Not only do these fruit quench thirst from the scorching hot days of August, they are packed with nutrition to boost your health. Here are 11 reasons to love watermelon:

1.  Watermelon is one of the top sources of the nutrient lycopene, which gives foods like watermelon, tomatoes, guava, rosehips, strawberries and pink grapefruit their pinkish-reddish hue. A growing body of research links lycopene consumption to a reduced risk of prostate and breast cancer.
2.  Watermelon may stimulate more than your taste buds. According to researchers at Texas A& M University, watermelon may have similar effects as Viagra. The scientists credit a variety of ingredients that collectively stimulate blood vessels and may increase libido.
3.  Lycopene found in watermelon has also been linked to a reduce risk of heart disease, atherosclerosis and high blood pressure. 
4.  Watermelon contains a nutrient known as citrulline, which in its conversion to the amino acid arginine, helps to prevent fat accumulation in the cells. It also boosts watermelon’s heart-healing properties.
5.  During this conversion to arginine, the body’s stores of nitric oxide increase. Nitric oxide helps to relax blood vessels and increases blood flow, which further increases watermelon’s ability to mitigate angina, high blood pressure and heart disease.
6.  This delightful fruit also contains compounds known as flavonoids, carotenoids and triterpenoids—all of which have potent antioxidant capabilities, meaning that they destroy harmful free radicals in our bodies before they can accelerate aging and disease.

7.  Watermelon is high in glutathione, which is an important nutrient needed to maintain liver health.
8.  This thirst-quenching food is also high in beta carotene, which is needed for healthy skin, as well as immune-boosting vitamin C.
9.  Watermelon’s ability to boost our arginine levels also enables it to remove ammoniaand other toxic compounds from our bodies.
10.  As its name would suggest, watermelon contains 92 percent water, making it an excellent and refreshing choice to prevent dehydration and rehydrate your cells.
11.  Due to its many antioxidants and other nutrients, watermelon has anti-inflammatory effects on the body, which is important when you consider that dozens of serious chronic health conditions ranging from arthritis to cancer have been linked to inflammation in the body.
While all watermelons are nutritious, choose the reddish-pink flesh varieties as they offer the greatest amounts of flavonoids and lycopene. While lycopene content is fairly stable for the first two days after cutting watermelon, it begins to dwindle after that. The same is true of many of the other nutrients in watermelon which tend to deteriorate the longer they are stored. So, choose freshly-harvested watermelons as much as possible and eat them soon after you cut into them. Watermelon is delicious blended with ice for a thirst-quenching summer beverage.

The Truth about Coconut Water

Coconut water isn’t unhealthy, but its health claims are pretty overblown. Let’s look at the truth about this trendy drink.
A lot of folks swear by coconut water for rehydrating after strenuous activity. Back when I was distance running, coconut water was just starting to become popular, and I even made my own sports drink out of it, by blending it up with a few pieces of fresh watermelon. Coconut water is definitely refreshing, but does it hold up to the nutritional hype?
Coconut water is a billion-plus dollar industry. BevNet, a beverage industry news site, reported on coconut water’s market growth in April. Leading coconut water company, VitaCoCo, “estimates that the category is worth about $1.2 billion overall, along with another $650 million in imports.”

COCONUT WATER’S DECEPTIVE ADVERTISING

Before we get to the health claims themselves, we should talk about how marketing plays into our ideas about coconut water’s health benefits.
A 2011 study looked at coconut water’s nutritional content and found that it often didn’t measure up to company claims. A year later, VitaCoCo faced a class action lawsuit for deceptive claims about its product, which it settled for $10 million. 
Marion Nestle recently pointed to a new, industry-funded study on coconut water—paid for by VitaCoCo—that compared it to Gatorade. The study found that after a 60 minute treadmill workout, men had similar recovery results from coconut water and Gatorade. Nestle (no relation to the company) says, “VitaCoCo must want to market its product as a sports drink. In this instance, neutral (‘as good as’) results position this drink as an alternative to Gatorade or its equivalent.”
Like any health claims that a company makes, you should take coconut water’s health claims with a grain of salt.

COCONUT WATER VS. SPORTS DRINKS

You really can’t talk about the coconut water craze without talking about sports drinks in general.  The truth is, most of us don’t need any kind of fancy drink to hydrate after a workout. If our bodies needed special drinks to bounce back every time we did something strenuous, people would be dropping like flies all over town.
According to the Harvard Medical School, most people can stay hydrated, even during and after a workout, by drinking plain old water when we feel thirsty. If you’re hitting the gym for an hour or less, save a buck and just drink water.
There are times when our bodies need an extra boost of nutrients, like you’d find in sports drinks. If you’re training outside in extreme heat or running a marathon, for example, sports drinks are your friend. Coconut water, though, may not give you everything you need, depending on how hard you worked out.
Coconut water does deliver a good dose of potassium, carbohydrates and fluids, all of which your body needs after strenuous exercise. But coconut water is low in sodium, the other key nutrient that your body loses during a hard workout. Nutritionist Andrea Giancoli, registered dietician and spokesperson for the Academy of Nutrition, told WebMD, “If you’re exercising more than an hour, coconut water may not be enough [to replace what you've lost].”

WHEN COCONUT WATER IS HANDY

If you’re worried about not getting enough dietary potassium, coconut water can definitely help, just like eating a banana, a potato or any other calcium-rich food. Think of it less as a miracle serum and more as an optional addition to your healthy food and drink arsenal.
Giancoli did have some good things to say about coconut water. A serving before a workout can give you a little boost of sugar to fuel your training, and it contains less sugar than many sports drinks. If you’re replacing a soda or a glass of juice with a serving of coconut water, you’re cutting back on dietary sugar.
The bottom line: if you like coconut water and it fits your grocery budget, drink it! Just make sure you don’t drink too much, and check the ingredients. Many brands of coconut water contain added sugars. Not a fan of coconut water? There are plenty of other ways to meet your potassium needs and to stay hydrated.

Foods Harming You From The Inside

When it comes to the foods you shouldn’t be eating, it would be simple for me to point to the obvious. Bacon, for example, regardless of its deliciousness…well, on EVERYTHING, will eventually double your risk of stroke if you eat a lot of it every day. And food experts warn that convenience, deep-fried foods are no better. Donuts, French fries, and chicken wings not only threaten your waistline; the deep-frying process actually leaves food infused with toxic chemicals that put you at risk of chronic inflammatory conditions and certain types of cancer.

Most of us know that we should eat better. But if you think you’re eating healthy yet the following ten foods make up majority of your diet—think again! So as much as I hate to be the bearer of bad news, it’s prime time you discovered the hidden dangers of these popular North American foods…

1. Canned Tomato Sauce

You might not associate canned tomatoes and tomato sauces with high fructose corn syrup when you’re making spaghetti and meatballs.  However, when it comes to hidden sources of sugar, your favorite canned tomato sauce is likely one of the sweetest culprits, secretly contributing to increased rates of obesity, diabetes, coronary artery disease, and dental decay.

To top your pasta with a healthier sauce, check labels for a low sugar, low sodium tomato sauce or make your own using fresh tomatoes and herbs. You can also find cans of pureed tomatoes with no added sugars or salt to mix with a bit of extra virgin olive oil, fresh spices, or chopped onions and garlic for added flavor. Remember, it’s always best to add your own spices so you know what’s going into your food.




2. Soda

The sugary soda bomb is not your friend. It’s not kind to your waistline. It’s not gentle on your teeth. And it can wreak chaos on your skin, your hormones, your anxiety levels, and your blood glucose.  Each fizzy can you guzzle down is null and void of nutritional benefits, unless you consider about 10 teaspoons of refined sugar in your best interest.

Soft drinks also contain hearty doses of artificial food dyes and preservatives like BVO (brominated vegetable oil). So do yourself a favor the next time you’re thirsty for a satisfying fizz, pour a tall glass of sparkling water and add a splash of lemon, lime, or 100-percent fruit juice.




3. Deli Meats

Nitrates may sound like a ticking time bomb, which isn’t far from the truth when you consider the levels of sodium, preservatives, and additives that lend deli meats—like ham, salami, and bologna—their rosy shade. Adults who regularly partake risk increased rates of heart disease, and cancer. While studies show that meat lunching kids are prone to learning issues and behavioral conditions.

If you need meat for sandwiches, buy deli meats straight from your local butcher and have them sliced to order. They might no last as long as packaged meats, but they’ll contain far fewer harmful preservatives. You can also buy a flat of chicken breasts and slice them into thin strips for sandwiches and stir fries, as you need them, throughout the week.




4. Artificial Sweeteners

You might have made the swap from refined white sugar to an artificial sweetener—like acesulfame potassium, aspartame, neotame, saccharin, or sucralose—because artificial sweeteners contain fewer calories. However, just because the FDA labels them safe for human consumption, doesn’t mean you necessarily should.

Numerous studies have linked low- and zero-calorie foods and beverages to heightened risk of metabolic syndrome, high blood pressure, Type 2 diabetes, weight gain, and cardiovascular disease. In fact, many food scientists consider aspartame “the most dangerous substance on the planet.”  If you need a touch of sweetness, use natural agave syrup, honey, or  real maple syrup sparingly.




5. Margarine

You’ve heard the warnings when it comes to trans fats (or saturated hydrogenated oils). Sure, they’re plant-based oils, but they’re still so highly processed that nutritionists give foods, like margarine, a big thumbs down. Why? Because trans fats increase the risk of bad cholesterol, heart disease, and stroke.

So skip the sandwich spread or use mashed avocado or extra virgin olive oil for a healthier spread or bread dipper. I like to drizzle toasted pita bread with a bit of olive oil and balsamic vinegar. You can also add a few teaspoons of your favourite heart-healthy oil, spices, and balsamic vinegar on a plate for dipping bread, crackers, and other crudités.




6. Bottled Salad Dressings

The worst thing you can do to sabotage a fresh, nutritious, crisp salad is by drowning it in bottled salad dressing! Even the fat-free or reduced fat dressings are packed with sugar, high fructose corn syrup, and artificial colors (i.e., like caramel coloring). Essentially, you might as well pour diet soda over your mixed greens.

For a healthier salad topper mix a few tablespoons of balsamic vinegar or apple cider vinegar with a few teaspoons of extra virgin olive oil for a healthy salad containing good fats. Depending on the type of salad that you’re eating, using a home made tomato or fruit salsa, homemade guacamole or hummus, or even marinading your meat beforehand, may offer enough flavor that you don’t require salad dressing at all.




7. Whole Dairy

Aside from the fact that whole-milk dairy products contain far too many saturated (or bad) fats, they’re also jam-packed with another ingredient that will put you off your cereal—bovine growth hormone (BGH). This synthetic hormone is engineered in a lab to boost the milk production of cows.

Unfortunately, nutritionists say BGH is passed along to humans in milk in the form of childhood obesity, as well as certain cancers, chronic migraines, and rheumatoid arthritis. However, you can opt for organic cow’s, goat’s, or sheep’s milk that come minus the added hormones. Animal milk alternatives, such as almond, soy, and rice milk are also options.




8. Hot Dogs

By hot dogs I’m really referring to any smoked, cured, or salted meat that contains chemical preservatives. However, hot dogs carried the brunt of food criticism thanks to medical and media reports. For instance, findings from the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine claimed that processed “hot dogs should carry cigarette-style warning labels!”

It turns out America’s favorite ballpark treat is so full of sodium, chemicals, and toxins that regular weekly consumption can increase your risk of colorectal cancer by about 21-percent. Luckily, chemical free hot dogs and sausages are yours for the taking at organic butchers and often straight from the farm.




9. Potato Chips

Medical scientists estimate that potato chips, as well as French fries (they are no better for you), and other deep fried goodies (i.e., chicken fingers and wings) are responsible for a few thousand cancers each year in North America. So the next time you slip into a drive thru for some crispy-greasy satisfaction, consider the danger to your colon, breasts, bladder, prostate, and rectum. Heightened risk of these conditions comes from acrylamide, a carcinogen created during the deep fried cooking process.

So rather than buying your chips pre-bagged, opt for baking them at home on your own. Slice white and red potatoes, sweet potatoes, leeks, carrots, beets, and parsnips. Brush with a little bit of olive oil, sprinkle with sea salt (and dill or garlic if you desire), and bake in the oven until crispy. You can looked for baked chips in store as well.




10. Refined White Carbohydrates

White breads, white rice, white pasta, pre-packaged chips and crackers, cookies, cakes, breakfast cereals, and pretty much every single snack food on the market all have one thing in common—enriched wheat flour! That’s why I’m always going on about the type of carbohydrates (complex carbs vs. starchy carbs) that largely make up your diet, and how they determine the way you metabolize food and your level of energy.

Not only are refined grains stripped of most nutrients; they also digest quickly into simple sugars, causing blood-sugar levels to spike and come quickly crashing down in a wave of irritability and mid-day snack attacks. Ultimately, a starchy addition is linked to weight gain, inflammatory conditions (i.e., arthritis), type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and high blood pressure.

How Tomatoes May Affect Your Digestive System


Tomatoes are a part and parcel of our lives daily diet. They are part of our salads, soups veggies, curries and much more. But did you know that this seemingly harmless looking tomato can actually have serious side effects if consumed in excess? Yes this is true…Read on the article to know more about the serious side effects of eating tomatoes in excess.
Digestive Disorders
Since tomatoes are acidic in nature excess consumption of tomatoes results in increase of acid levels in the digestive system resulting in acidity which is also known as acid reflux which can even affect the esophagus and trigger a more serious ailment called heartburn.

Affects Immune Power
Excess consumption of tomatoes results in excess amount of the phytochemical lycopene which is present in tomatoes. This lycopene when present in excess reduces the body’s immunity and reduces the body’s efficiency to fight bacterial and fungal diseases.

Adverse Effect On The Prostate Gland
Excess amount of lycopene is found to adversely affect the prostate gland in males resulting in pain, difficulty in passing urine and even cancer in extreme cases.

Adverse Effect On Complexion
Excess consumption of tomatoes is found to adversely affect the complexion and makes it look darker.

Can Result In Kidney Stones
Tomatoes and its seeds contain calcium and oxalate which are not easily thrown out from the body. Therefore when you consume tomatoes in excess it results in deposition of calcium and oxalate, which ultimately results in kidney stones.

Causes Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Consuming tomatoes in excess results in large amounts of lycopene which can result in irritable bowel syndrome resulting in abdominal pain and discomfort

Adversely Affects The Large Intestine
Consuming large amounts of tomatoes results in excess amounts of its seeds which will have a adverse effect on the large intestine. The seeds can hang onto the diverticula resulting in worst form of diverticulitis.

Skin Infections
Tomatoes can adversely affect the skin resulting in dermatitis, rashes, skin irritation, eczema and blisters.

Can Result In Body Pains
Excess consumption of tomatoes is also found to result in pains in the muscles, bones and head. In certain cases excess consumption of tomatoes can cause migraine.

Adversely Affect The Nose
Excess consumption of tomatoes can result in food allergy thus adversely affecting the respiratory tract and cause excessive sneezing.

Adversely Affect The Mouth
Excess consumption of tomatoes can result in food allergy thus adversely affecting the mouth. It can either make the mouth very dry or can also result in excess secretion of saliva thus causing discomfort.

Causes Diarrhea
The excess amount tomatoes causes’ vitamin overdose which can result in nausea, vomiting and dizziness and can lead to diarrhea.

Adversely Affects The Eyes And Lips
Excess consumption of tomatoes can result in adverse effects on the eyes and the lips. It can cause irritation in the eyes and can affect vision and it results in swelling of lips.

Adversely Affect The Cardiovascular System
Excess consumption of tomatoes can affect the heart as well and can result in increased palpitations and nervousness.

Inability To Concentrate
Excess consumption of tomatoes can affect concentration and the person may suffer from lack of concentration.
  
Tomatoes are good for health and must be a part of your diet. But only be careful to not overeat in order to prevent food allergy and its side effects.

4 foods that may not be as bad for you as you thought

When it comes to food, it can be hard to know what is actually good for us.
As different research on what we eat emerges every day, registered dietitian and nutritionist Maya Feller breaks down some of the surprising health benefits of foods that often get a bad rap but she says can be enjoyed as part of a healthy diet when eaten in moderation.
She discusses the surprising virtues of four of our biggest dietary vices. 

1. Eggs 

In the recent past, some health professionals cautioned the general public against consuming eggs. The thinking was that consuming more than three whole eggs per week contributed negative amounts of dietary cholesterol and fat and hurt cardiovascular health, as well as led to weight gain, according to Feller.
Recent research, however, has found that the consumption of eggs is associated with better satiety, which results in a decreased risk of overeating, she told ABC News. Eggs are a great source of protein as well as vitamin D, vitamin B12 and leucine, an important amino acid that the body needs for muscle synthesis.
Feller recommends combining eggs with nonstarchy vegetables. Here is her simple recipe for enjoying eggs with any meal.
Ingredients
1 whole egg and 2 egg whites
1 tablespoon olive oil
1/8 vidalia onion
1 clove garlic
1/4 bunch of chopped Swiss chard




Directions
Heat a pan, add olive oil and cook onion and garlic until translucent, then add Swiss chard and cook until tender. In a separate bowl, beat the egg and egg whites, then pour into pan. Scramble, and cook until done. Enjoy with a side salad.
Feller recommends enjoying a hard-boiled egg as a snack with mixed vegetables such as cucumber, bell peppers, green beans and cherry tomatoes.

2. Full-fat, plain dairy products 

Full-fat, plain dairy products contain no added sugars or salt, she told ABC News.
Some health professionals encourage patients to steer clear of full-fat dairy because many believe that whole dairy products can contribute to too much total and saturated fat in their diets, as well as calories, to be considered healthy, according to Feller.
Some recent research, however, has found that consuming full-fat dairy products is associated with better satiety, meaning people are less likely to overeat and make poor food choices after consuming full-fat dairy products, she said.
In addition, yogurt possesses many unique properties, according to Feller, including containing lactic acid bacteria, which may positively affect people's gut microbiota.
Plain, whole yogurt can be enjoyed in a multitude of ways. She recommends using it as a topping for bean chili, as a pairing with fresh berries, as the base of chia pudding or as the base of a cucumber salad.

3. Coffee 

Some evidence supports theories that coffee can disturb sleep and decrease the body's absorption of calcium and iron and that drinking coffee can be habit forming, Feller said.
New research, however, has uncovered evidence that drinking coffee (regular or decaf), may be associated with a decreased risk of developing some degenerative diseases and even some cancers, she said.
While the research is evolving, she recommends that people drink no more than two to three cups of coffee per day — before noon so as not to disturb sleep patterns. In addition, she recommends skipping the added sugar and opting for cinnamon, nutmeg or vanilla or dairy.

4. Peanut butter 

Peanut butter has gotten a bad rap because of its high calorie and fat content, according to Feller. New research, however, has found that peanuts are a good source of healthy fatty acids, plant-based protein, phytochemicals, vitamins and minerals.
The key to keeping nuts a healthy part of one's diet is to have them without added sugars or fats and, for those who are salt-sensitive, without added salt, she said. One serving of peanuts per day, raw or roasted, can be a nutritious snack and part of a well-rounded healthy diet.
To eat nuts as a snack, Feller recommends enjoying one serving of nuts with one whole fruit of one's choice or with a snack-size bag of nonstarchy vegetables of one's choice.
To eat nuts as part of a meal, she recommends enjoying 1 ounce of nuts sprinkled over nonstarchy vegetables of one's choice and served with one serving of starchy vegetables or whole grains.